This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to the Indian economy, helping students understand its basic structure, nature, and functioning. It explains the meaning of an economy and highlights the key characteristics of the Indian economic system, including its mixed economy model, major sectors, and role of government. Students are introduced to fundamental economic concepts that form the base for further study in Economics.

The chapter also discusses the historical background of the Indian economy, major changes after independence, and the importance of economic planning and development. Emphasis is placed on understanding how different sectors—agriculture, industry, and services—contribute to national growth. With clear explanations and exam-oriented content, this chapter builds strong conceptual clarity and prepares students to confidently answer board examination questions.